Shaykh Rabīʿ (may Allāh preserve him) explains the false understanding some Muslims have concerning the meaning of the shahādah and makes clear how it (this misunderstanding) entered in al-Islām. Due to this ignorance, the Shaykh explains the different ways Muslims commit shirk (polytheism) whilst they do not deem it to be polytheism. Actions such as slaughtering for other than Allāh or calling unto other than Allāh are shirk. The Shaykh furthers explains the ideological attack to remove the meaning of the shahādah from the minds and the hearts of the people. From those who have spearheaded this misunderstanding are: the Shīʿah, the Ṣufīs, politicised movements (i.e. al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn), innovators, ignorant people, and even those who claim to know the daʿwah al-Salafīyyah. Shaykh Rabīʿ (may Allāh preserve him) explains how these groups of people are striving hard, working together, against the call to al-tawḥīd.