The goals, intentions, and policies of the creation with regards to wealth and poverty vary widely. They base these intentions on personal goals, not upon adherence to the truth or mindfulness of overarching, comprehensive, goodness. They have erroneously missed the truly beneficial path. As they have failed to restrict themselves to the guidance disseminated by the religion of Islām. Instead, they postulate a plethora of different ideas, then act in accordance with them, resulting in widespread evil. They have caused the occurrence of great dissension between those who claim to seek victory…

If the adhān is called before its appropriate time, it is considered invalid. This is confirmed through evidence and reasoning. As for the evidence, it is the saying of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم): “If the time for ṣalāh arrives, then let one of you call the adhān…”1 He said: “If the time for ṣalāh arrives”, which cannot occur except once the time of the actual ṣalāh has begun. We may also deduce from the wording of this ḥadīth that the adhān may be called only once the time of the ṣalāh arrives and the people intend to perform it imminently. For this reason, when Bilāl (رضي الله عنه…

The Adhān of a Woman or Multiple People The adhān should be called by an upright man of good reputation and honourable standing. Thus, it is deemed incorrect if performed by a woman, or by two people [calling in unison] or if the caller must excuse himself while calling it, another may not continue the call from where he left off. Rather, the adhān must be called again from the beginning. The Adhān of a Disbeliever We can also deduce from the stipulation of the caller being a man of good standing and honourable reputation that he must be Muslim, such that the adhān of a disbeliever would be c…

Narrated by Abū Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) who said: The Messenger of Allāh (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said: Ādam (عليه السلام) and Mūsá (عليه السلام) argued with one another. Mūsá said: “O Ādam! You are our father, yet you have failed us and extricated us from Paradise.” So Ādam replied: “You are Mūsá. Allāh has chosen you with His words and written the Tawrāh for you with His hand. Do you blame me in relation to a matter which Allāh had decreed for me forty years before He had created me?” The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said thrice: “So Ādam bested Mūsá in their arguement”.1 Imām Ibn al-Qayyim (d…

The adhān (call to prayer) comprises fifteen sentences that are recited from a high place. That is: the takbīr—اللهُ أَكْبَر—in the beginning is repeated four times, the two shaḥadahs—أَشْهَدُ أَن لَّا إِلهَ إِلَّا الله, أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَا رَّسُولُ الله—four times [two each], the hayʿalatān [saying حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلاة ,حَيَّ عَلَى الفلاح] four times [two each], the takbīr at the ending is twice, then the tawḥīd [that is, لا إله إلا الله] is once. Altogether, this is fifteen sentences. This is the first prerequisite of calling the adhān: It should not be less than fifteen s…

The true believer must allow fear and hope to consistently accompany him in all his affairs. This is because he possesses two outlooks. When he looks inwardly, he sees his own deficiency in the fulfilment of Allāh’s rights. This instils fear. Then, his second outlook is towards the blessings of Allāh upon him, and the goodness He has shown. This instils hope within him. Also, he must look towards His attributes of greatness, majesty, wisdom, and justice. This will also instil a sense of fear from the effects exerted by these attributes. Then, he looks towards His attributes of openhandedness…

The traveller is allowed to combine between two prayers only when there is a valid excuse to do so, which would occlude his ability to perform each ṣalāh at its appropriate time. For example, because he is continuously travelling and is not able to stop or if there is difficulty in pausing. If, however, he stays in one place during his travel for two or three days, or even a day, then there is no valid reason to combine the performance of two prayers together. As, in this circumstance, he is fully able to perform each individual ṣalāh at its appropriate time without difficulty. Combining pray…

It is impermissible for one to delay the performance of a ṣalāh later than its appointed time period. By ‘time period’ we are referring to both the time that ṣalāh is performed in extenuating circumstances [waqt al-ḍarūrah] and the time wherein it is permissible for that ṣalāh to be performed [waqt al-jawāz]. For example, Ṣalāh al-ʿAṣr has two time periods: a time wherein it is only performed in extenuating circumstances, and another time period wherein its performance is permissible. The extenuating time period is from the yellowing of the sun until sunset. Its permissible time is from the b…

Whoever is combining two prayers or praying a missed ṣalāh, should call the adhān at the start, then call the iqāmah only for each individual farḍh (prayer). Here, there are two issues: Combining Prayers: This may occur between Ẓuhr andʿAṣr, or Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ whenever there is difficulty in performing each ṣalāh at its appropriate time regardless of whether this person is travelling or resident. When combining, the adhān should be called for the first ṣalāh only, and then the iqāmah should be called for each farḍh ṣalāh prayed. This should be the course of action if one is not in a tow…